Algeria was part of an ancient Berber Kingdom called Numidia
It was integrated into the Roman Empire
Cities, agriculture and infrastructure were put in place by the Romans
Berbers maintained autonomous in the mountainous regions
In the 3rd century, the region was subject to invasions from the Vandals

The Vandals invaded North Africa in the 5th century overtaking Roman rule
The Byzantine Empire retook the coastal areas of Algeria in the 6th century
The region continued to face internal unrest and Berber resistance

Arab-Muslim armies conquered Algeria, introducing Islam
Berber tribes converted to Islam
The Umayyad Caliphate intergrated Algeria into the Islamic world
The Rustamid Dynasty (778 – 909) establishes the Ibadi state in Algeria
The Fatimid Caliphate expands its influence with the fall of the Rustamids
The Hammadid Dynasty (1014 -1152) was a powerful Berber state
The Almoravid and Almohad Berber Dynasties rise to power in Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula

The Almohads weakened and Algeria fragmented into smaller kingdoms
One of the most significant of these Kingdoms was the Zayyanid Kingdom of Tiemcen (1235 – 1554)
Consistent conflict weakened the region

Ottoman empire ruled Algeria as a semi-autonomous regency
Algeria became a hub for piracy and disrupted European trade, leading to conflict with European powers
Ottoman rule brought stability to coastal areas, while the inland tribes remained automatous
Ottomans ruled until 1821, but their control slipped due to internal strife and European pressure

France invades in 1830, despite resistant efforts, they extend control with brutal tactics, Algeria became part of France in 1848 and french settlers moved to Algeria taking over the farmlands
The National Liberation Front launched a guerrilla war against the French. The Algerian War of Independence lasted from 1954 – 1962. Nearly 1 million Algerians were killed

Algeria gained independence in 1962 and has faced civil wars and political strife ever since